NYC/MIA
04:53 pm
London
09:53 pm
SG/HK
05:53 am
CONTACT

First Party, Second Party, Third Party Data: Defined and Differentiated

“Data is not just the new oil; it’s the new soil”David McCandless, Expert Data Journalist

In the world of digital advertising, data is king. Data is the foundation of modern business strategies, helping marketers craft precise ads that reach the right audience at the perfect time. With access to a wealth of data, advertisers can understand their audience’s preferences, spot emerging trends, and tailor their campaigns to resonate with their target market. Where would we be without it? In this industry, the ability to gather and interpret data is essential for creating and backing up impactful ads that truly connect with people and stand out in a crowded market. Understanding the different types of data is essential for advertisers and chief marketing officers to make informed decisions about their marketing strategies. There are three types of data commonly used in digital advertising: first party data, second party data, third party data. It’s easy to get them confused… Keep reading to learn the difference between each data type and what their unique uses are.

First party, second party, and third party data are distinct categories that advertisers use to refine their audience targeting. Each type offers unique benefits and challenges, making it essential for marketers to understand how and when to use them. Having this understanding not only enhances campaign efficiency but also helps in building more personalized and engaging customer experiences. Before we get into specific details, let’s take a look at a chart comparing first party, second party, and third party data to understand their key differences and applications:

Table by Criterion Global depicting first party second party third party data definitions, sources, and examples

First Party Data

First party data refers to information that businesses collect directly from their customers or users. It comes in many forms, including website visits, purchase histories, and direct communication like surveys or email subscriptions. First party data is considered the most valuable type of data because it is specific to the business and its audience. First party data enables companies to better understand their customers’ preferences and behaviors, and is therefore a great resource for crafting personalized marketing strategies.


Second Party Data

Second party data involves the sharing of information between two businesses or organizations. Typically, one company collects data and then shares it with another, often through partnerships or affiliations. For example, a travel agency might share its customer data with a hotel chain to enhance both parties’ marketing efforts. Second party data is often used for targeting new audiences or expanding existing ones. Second party data thus provides an opportunity to expand targeting capabilities by leveraging another business’s trusted and relevant data.


Third Party Data

Third party data refers to data that is collected by external sources such as data brokers, aggregators, or ad networks. This data is usually purchased by advertisers to complement their own first party data and improve their overall targeting. Third party data includes information such as demographics, interests, and behaviors. The benefit to using external sources for data, such as third party data, is the ability to access a broader range of consumer information that your organization may not have directly. An example of third party data is a sports equipment retailer purchasing data from a data provider to target consumers who have shown an interest in outdoor activities. While third party data can be less precise due to its broad nature, it is valuable for widening the scope of marketing campaigns and identifying new market opportunities.


What is the Use of each Type of Data?

Utilizing first party, second party, and third party data can help you create more effective advertising campaigns and reach the right audience with the right message. The key is to use data in a way that is ethical, transparent, and respects consumer privacy. Let’s recap the uses for each type of data:

First Party Data:
  • Custom audience targeting
  • Lookalike audience targeting (lookalike audiences are groups of people who share similar characteristics with your existing audience)
  • Retargeting (retarget people who have interacted with your brand but haven’t made a purchase or taken another desired action)
Second Party Data:
  • Expand your reach
  • Target new audiences
Third Party Data:
  • Identify new potential customers
  • Expand your reach
  • Better understand your target audience
  • Track trends and changes in consumer behavior over time

First Party vs. Third Party Data

Yes, confusion between first party and third party data is common, especially as both play similar roles in marketing strategies. The key difference between the two is that they originate from different sources. First party data is collected DIRECTLY from a business’s interactions with its customers. It is widely considered as highly valuable because it is accurate, reliable, and specific to the company’s own audience. On the other hand, third party data is gathered by external entities like data brokers and must be purchased by businesses looking to broaden their audience reach. While it provides a broader view and can help identify new customer segments, it is generally less accurate and subject to privacy concerns​. The differences often cause confusion, particularly with the growing emphasis on data privacy and the phasing out of third party cookies. As privacy regulations become stricter, businesses increasingly rely on the trust and transparency associated with first party data, since they have complete control over it.


Understanding the distinctions between first party, second party, and third party data is crucial for crafting effective marketing strategies. Each type of data offers unique insights and benefits, and each can help businesses better understand their audiences and personalize their messaging. As digital marketing continues to evolve, leveraging these data sources ethically and responsibly can significantly enhance campaign effectiveness and customer engagement.

To maximize your marketing impact, start integrating these data types into your strategies today. Whether you’re aiming to deepen customer relationships or expand your reach, harness the power of data to drive better results. For expert guidance on implementing these strategies, contact us.